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MPLS Virtual Private Networks

2 Day Course
Code PDN070

This course has been retired. Please view currently available MPLS Training Courses.

Modules

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IP Network Architecture (27 topics)

  • Facilities offered by an IP network
  • Router based architecture of IP network
  • Data links between IP routers: LL/SDH, LAN, ATM, FR
  • Standard encapsulations for IP
  • Hop by hop, independent operation of routers
  • IP addressing
  • Subnetworks and broadcast domains
  • IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
  • Prefix based routeing
  • Interior routeing protocols: RIP, OSPF, IS-IS
  • Structure of Internet
  • Internet Administrations ICANN/IANA/RIPE
  • Peering and transit
  • Autonomous Systems and AS numbers
  • Border Gateway Protocol
  • BGP as inter-operator protocol
  • Interior and Exterior BGP
  • BGP connections
  • BGP next hops and OSPF as IGP
  • BGP path attributes
  • AS_paths
  • Local_preference
  • BGP communities
  • BGP decision process
  • Control of route advertisement and withdrawal
  • Multiprotocol extensions to BGP
  • BGP-MP address families

IP as a Service Network (10 topics)

  • The Internet as a service
  • Difference between "the Internet" and an IP backbone
  • VPNs, Intranets and Extranets
  • Closed user groups and security
  • Private address space
  • The challenges of supporting voice over IP
  • Voice performance and signalling
  • Current techniques for providing VPNs (tunelling protocols, encryption, segregated routeing)
  • Scalability issues with current VPNs
  • IPv4 address issues: address translation

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) (24 topics)

  • Objectives of MPLS
  • Traffic Engineering with MPLS
  • Forwarding equivalence classes
  • Principles of label switching operation
  • Label Switched Paths (LSPs)
  • Label stacks and LSP tunnels
  • Pushing and popping label from label stacks
  • Label encoding
  • Shim header for MPLS over Ethernet
  • Tunnelling MPLS in Frame Relay and ATM
  • Label distribution mechanisms
  • Label Distribution Protocol
  • LDP adjacencies
  • Routeing in MPLS
  • Ordered and Independent LSP control
  • Aggregation and label merging
  • ATM and Frame Relay switches in MPLS
  • Configuration required for Frame Relay MPLS operation
  • Use of ATM LSRs
  • Improvements in scalability obtained from using ATM LSRs
  • Constraint Based LDP and explicit routes
  • Preemption, holding and priority of LSPs
  • MPLS fast recovery
  • Use of RSVP for establishing LSPs

MPLS based VPNs (18 topics)

  • Customer Edge, Provider Edge and Provider routers
  • Scope of VPN awareness
  • Interfaces between CE and PE routers
  • Sites and Virtual Routeing and Forwarding Tables (VRFs)
  • How packets are associated with VRFs
  • VPN options and flexibility
  • Sites belonging to multiple VPNs
  • BGP extensions for label distribution
  • How MPLS labels relates to the BGP next hop
  • How MPLS aids VPN support: use of 2-label stacks
  • Forwarding packets across the IP backbone
  • Route distribution within VPN architecture
  • Route targets
  • Encoding route target as a BGP ext-community attribute
  • Import and Export targets
  • Independence from VPN addressing
  • Choices for CE/PE routeing protocol
  • Carriers' carrier architectures

Delivering QoS in an IP network (7 topics)

  • Requirements for QoS in IP and IP-VPNs
  • Use of the IP TOS field to indicate required precedence
  • Challenge of QoS provision
  • Delay variation and smoothing
  • Diff-serv and Int-serv IETF initiatives
  • RSVP for establishing support for a differentiated service
  • Using ATM to support IP QoS

Differentiated Services (Diff-serv) (13 topics)

  • Description of Differentiated Services
  • Service provider defined push model vs standards based pull model
  • Architecture of a Diff-serv router
  • Packet aggregates
  • Traffic conditioning
  • Metering, marking and dropping
  • Operational model for Diff-serv
  • Per-hop behaviours
  • The differences between ATM stds based QoS classes and the Diff-serv SP defined classes
  • Expedited and assured forwarding
  • IP class selector
  • ATM support for Diff-serv
  • MPLS support for Diff-serv

Prerequisites

A prerequisite for this material is a basic understanding of how IP networks operate, and knowledge of wide area technologies such as leased lines, Frame relay and ATM are a distinct advantage. The seminar does provide an overview of these issues, but it is only intended to highlight the essential issues.

Additional Learning

The courses below may help you meet the knowledge level required to take this course.

MPLS Training Courses

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